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The Persia of Herodotus
The Persians win because they are morally superior to the people they defeat. Xerxes' wealth is stupefying, and it's this that leads him to his hubristic ambition in trying to conquer Europe. In Herodotus' history, he describes how Athens becomes a democracy. But even as Herodotus is reading out his histories or writing them, the Athenians themselves have become an imperial power.