Murdoch, Ailes, and the Fairness Doctrine

America's Toolking featured chat shows and phone-in programs like Bugged in which viewers could talk about the things that were bothering them. Ailes wanted, quote, closer shots, more emotion, bolder sound, voiceovers announcing breaks instead of just music. Both men had a visceral disdain for channels like MSNBC, which, when it launched in 96, wanted to portray itself in the image of a trendy, urban, downtown coffee bar.

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