When we take a raw mineral out of the ground, what we really want is the once we extract the metal, the metal becomes a material. So you can have natural copper, a copper nugget found in a stream, but is generally associated and pinned in a mineral crystalline lattice. Clays are very complex to understand, right? A and they cause me a lot of grief professionally. They're terrible for flotation and leeching so we're always tr to remove them. But clays are also the cross over point between life systems and mineral systems because they're in soil. And that they actually allow the support of the food web in soil.

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