Is There a Space or a Time?

In the end, we know that something happens and because of that, something else happens. And so much of that happens that we can actually assign these numbers to these numbers that we call time or whatever we want to call it. So yeah, at the bottom, there might not be a nice well-defined chronological time. But there still has to be some sort of causality even if it is, as you said, effective or statistical or something. That's how we jump into the conclusions of this paper.