2min chapter

99% Invisible cover image

The Country of the Blind

99% Invisible

CHAPTER

The War of the Dots

In 1921, leaders from the most influential of these groups gathered in rural Iowa to form the American Foundation for the Blind. The AFB quickly became the most powerful blindness organization in the US. One of their first priorities was to make Braille the dominant system. But Americans being Americans, the same thing happened that had happened with raised letters: We decided we could design things better than those pretentious Europeans could. So a whole cottage industry arose with all sorts of competing systems, Braille knockoffs. Now we're heading into what we call the War of the Dots.

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