In this episode we discuss:

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Timestamps:

0:00 – intro

0:46 – common beliefs about carbohydrates and glycation

2:35 – what are glycation and advanced glycation end products?

6:57 – the process of glycation from glucose

9:30 – is sugar the only source of AGEs?

15:00 – primary drivers of glycation: dicarbonyls

19:30 – how fatty acids, amino acids, and ketones cause AGE formation

21:23 – how increased gluconeogenesis on low-carb diets increases AGE formation

22:53 – glucose metabolism produces very few glycation products in the context of a healthy metabolism

25:33 – omega-6s form AGEs more than 10x faster than glucose

28:24 – the role of ALEs (advanced lipoxidation end products) in glycation and chronic disease

30:36 – whether blood sugar spikes cause glycation

38:52 – whether fructose causes more glycation (or fructation) than glucose

47:05 – can glycation from fructose (fructation) be measured, and does this matter?

52:06 – problems with research looking at fructose’s AGE formation in animal models

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