The Role of Metabolites in Chronic Pain Treatment

high doses or infusions in an ICU setting for a long period of time in the hospital they can develop iatrogenic withdrawal even though they weren't on them pre-presurgery or pre-trauma so we had to be careful about that. Methadone and buprenorphine also can be used to treat pain and so that's something that we do continue and consider changing their adjusting their doses for pain stay. hydro microphone has mild uh mildly active metabolites that aren't usually clinically relevant but things like morphine, coding, tram at all and oxycodone all have some active metabolites that can be quite significant and build up in these patients.