The Role of Intention in Hate Speech

I'm interested in the part played by intention in so-called hate speech. Hate is usually something you're aware of, it's directed at somebody or something. But I do think that that mightn't always be the case. There will be some cases where what you do with your words might be worse than you mean it to. In principle there could be hate speech where people don't know what they're doing. If we want a speech situation where everybody gets a chance to speak more freely then that might involve watching out for speech of those that are further up.