All the ships were ready to go and Antonia and Cleopatra were kind of fanned out at the mouth of a sort of river outflow a lake outflow into the med. Augustus didn't have battering rams so they didn't move but eventually started to move very slowly by rowing. They started attacking by using slingshots not the battering rammed these other weapons and you know basically they lost and they had to retreat and they ran away to to Egypt as Augustus took all the battering rounds put them on the hill to demonstrate his victory. This has been puzzling classicists for years because there have been all these theories that remora perhaps which are fish
To understand the world you need to understand the ocean. That’s the argument of physicist Helen Czerski who has long studied the complex ecosystems and forces that drive the ‘blue machine’ which covers 71% of our planet. Czerski joins Intelligence Squared to discuss her new book Blue Machine: How the Ocean Shapes Our World, and what we should know about these vast bodies of water – the waves, currents, invisible ocean walls and underwater waterfalls that are part of an interlinked system that shapes the world around us. In conversation with science editor of The Times Tom Whipple, Czerski discusses how, since the beginning of human civilisation, the oceans have been central to the way human societies have evolved and how threats like climate change and overfishing could threaten our future.
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