In your new book, you argue that the imperial exam system weakened the horizontal structure of Chinese society. So I can see that the exams might pull away some smart people, but there's still plenty of people left in China. Why don't the remaining people develop some kind of civil society? The norms are shared beyond the select few who eventually succeeded at the exam. It's kind of the bottom of the pyramid. They all wanted to be educated in Confucian ideology.
Yasheng Huang has written two of Tyler’s favorite books on China: Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics, which contrasts an entrepreneurial rural China and a state-controlled urban China, and The Rise and Fall of the EAST, which argues that Keju—China’s civil service exam system—played a key role in the growth and expanding power of the Chinese state.
Yasheng joined Tyler to discuss China’s lackluster technological innovation, why declining foreign investment is more of a concern than a declining population, why Chinese literacy stagnated in the 19th century, how he believes the imperial exam system deprived China of a thriving civil society, why Chinese succession has been so stable, why the Six Dynasties is his favorite period in Chinese history, why there were so few female emperors, why Chinese and Chinese Americans have done less well becoming top CEOs of American companies compared to Indians and Indian Americans, where he’d send someone on a two week trip to China, what he learned from János Kornai, and more.
Read a full transcript enhanced with helpful links, or watch the full video.
Recorded January 17th, 2023
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Photo credit: MIT Sloan School