Parasites Manipulate Their Hosts

The extended phenotype is not just an inanimate object, like a bird's nest, it's an animate object, the host of a parasite. And there are lots of examples of parasites manipulating their intermediate hosts to make them more likely to be eaten. Not all parasites live inside their hosts, cocoos, as you know, manipulate the behavior of their host, which is a foster parent. A gene can have phenotypic effect in the behavior of a ren.