The Phoenician Mediterranean
Tides of History
The History of European Colonization
The earliest signs of permanent Phoenician occupation appear at the site of Utica in North Africa near Carthage. One record dating to some 600 years after these events purportedly copied from the Royal Archives of Tyre stated that the initiative began under the reign of King Ithobale of Tyre, who rolled between 878 and 847 BC. We don't know precisely why these settlements were founded and we don't know how the process was carried out. The few textual sources agree that kings of Tyre were highly oriented toward commerce; expansion happened so quickly with a carefully planned expansion.
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