In this episode, Robert Hagstrom , Chris Mayer , Bogumil Baranowski and Matt Zeigler return for a wide-ranging conversation on how great investors really think. Rather than focusing on formulas, factor labels, or short-term market predictions, the discussion explores investing as a discipline grounded in philosophy, language, psychology, and long-term business fundamentals. Drawing on ideas from Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, Bill Miller, and thinkers from outside finance, this conversation challenges many of Wall Street’s most common assumptions and offers a deeper framework for making better long-term investment decisions.
Topics covered in this episode
Why value investing has nothing to do with price to earnings or price to book ratios
The false divide between value and growth investing and why growth is a component of value
How abstractions and labels distort decision making in markets
General semantics and how language shapes investing mistakes
Charlie Munger’s concept of worldly wisdom and the latticework of mental models
Why reversion to the mean is a flawed way to think about markets
The stock market as a complex adaptive system rather than a predictable machine
Why most market forecasts fail and why people still believe them
Myopic loss aversion and how frequent evaluation destroys long-term returns
The importance of time horizon, patience, and long-term compounding
How great investors think about conviction, uncertainty, and being wrong
When to hold through difficulty versus when to exit an investment
Lessons from Buffett, Munger, and Bill Miller on thinking independently
Timestamps
00:00 Value investing beyond ratios and labels
01:00 Introducing Robert Hagstrom and Chris Mayer
02:30 Investing as a subdivision of worldly wisdom
04:10 Abstractions, language, and Wall Street thinking
07:30 General semantics and investing mistakes
09:00 Latticework of mental models and interdisciplinary thinking
12:30 Buffett’s rejection of Wall Street jargon
18:55 Value versus growth and why the labels fail
23:40 Language, meaning, and investment errors
27:00 Time horizon, myopic loss aversion, and frequent evaluation
31:00 Sideways markets and where returns really come from
36:50 Complex adaptive systems and why prediction fails
40:00 Spurious correlations and false cause and effect
45:00 Forecasting, randomness, and the illusion of certainty
48:00 Conviction, expectations, and uncertainty in investing
50:00 When to sell and the cost of being wrong
54:30 Building an interdisciplinary investing framework
