Overland trade was disrupted, maybe both because of climate reasons, but also because it became unsafe to go from point to point. And then i think things like rebellions or, i mean, you could think of 30 years war ad a kind of rebellion as well. So rebel is ell across, that forces everybody kind of to turn inward. And when you turn inward again, your connections fray. You're no longer trying to build the world empire, or any kind of world order. I mean, i think there are lessons in that for our time so the order phrase, and this is what's lost in the seventeenth century crisis,.
Ayşe Zarakol on her book Before the West: The Rise and Fall of Eastern World Orders. How centuries of Asian empires from Genghis Khan to Timur and the early Ming Dynasty through the Ottomans and Mughals built dominant world orders and, ultimately, shaped the rise of Europe—and how that all might shape how we think about the crisis in the world order today.
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