The Effects of Trade Sanctions on Energy Supply Chains

Preliminary findings seem to suggest that for some of these countries, you see patterns of trade that differ from what we've seen in the past. Different ways in which this energy is transported to these countries are literally created by the emergence of these three exemptions. But I also want to say that these forecasts by the IMF or the World Bank of the OECD, they're based on presumably more than just trade sanctions. They probably involve also financial sanctions and also ripple effects that come from more demand-based mechanism that there's simply less demand in the state of war.