The average outcome is you are five-sixths alive. But it's impossible to predict when an individual is going to die. And in fact, your outcome of just picking ten random companies is likely to be quite disparate from the outcome of buying an index fund. A lot of this is also related to fractal mathematics in models like what we would call the sand pile or rice pile model. If you're doing base jumping and other such activities that are highly likely to result in death at some point, if you do them enough. You're going to die."