Peasants are usually subject to the religion of the ruling class, which is a broader ruling class. But peasants don't just accept the religion that's handed to them by the elite clergy in the ruling class. So peasant versions of religions will often be a really interesting mix of the official state religion and their own indigenous customs. It's called syncretism in anthropology.
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The leaders of the Russian Revolutions of February and October 1917 sought to establish socialism: a deeply democratic economic and political system where the employee/employer relationship is abolished, and where workers control their workplaces, the means of production and the government via the “free association of the producers”.
Instead the revolutions resulted in the establishment of the Soviet Union: an authoritarian state where the government became the sole employer and the state controlled the workers instead of the other way around.This then became the model for “communist” countries around the world.
Why did the Soviet Union fail at socialism?
What can we learn about this failure to apply to our political struggles in the present and future?
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