The Nature of Variation

In 2000 with my grad student Bill Swenson, we did this experiment. We created microbial microcosm in aquatic environments. And so the whole nature of phenotypic variation in a complex system is different than one kind of one-to-one mapping between genes and the phenotype that you're selected for. So it's only based on these extreme simplifying assumptions that people just think it's intuitively now. They probably haven't even read the models.