The Role of Adjutant Therapy in the Management of DCIS

In the past DCIS was thought to be a homogenous growth in the breast but we know now that there are different types of DCIS and DCIS can be characterized by how abnormal its nucleus looks under the microscope. This is in contrast to if the carcinoma cell developed the ability to break through the basement membrane and invade into the connective tissue or stroma of the breast, that is where we would make the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. We also look for expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and DC IS can be ER positive or negative and similarly PR positive or negative.