What is a Causal Risk Factor? (AMA with Alan)
Sigma Nutrition Radio
The Role of Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease
A lot of the confusion with how we designate biomarkers enters the equation is because people assume that, for example, all that really matters is causality. But there are factors that mediate the strength of any causal relationship. For someone with a high coronary artery calcification score compared to someone with zero, if they had other matched risk factors, sure, we would get a clinical picture that would infer for us that that individual with high CAC scores was higher risk at that moment in time. That's an example of a biomarker or a risk factor of damage.
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