How to Use Manipulatives to Teach Arithmetic

Just expecting a young child to do formalized book-based arithmetic is probably not the best expectation. Using manipulatives, etc. can help with those concepts. Separately, there is a strong background of arithmetic being taught in a social way. Magoffee readers and Raisa arithmetic were very widely used in American school systems century and one to two centuries ago. And then finally, I think this is good reason to consider a narrative approach.