China has a strong nationalist element to them, but it's not always just nationalist. They also have a much stronger focus on French or ally-shoring than previously. I think that there has been a real sense in China that the United States is trying to contain China's rise and that really pricks a strong national consciousness.
It was supposed to boost prosperity and democracy at the same time. What really happened? According to the legal scholar Anthea Roberts, it depends which story you believe.