Prus is Prussia, which has been fully destroyed, Leto is Lithuania, and Rus is of course Rus. So, that's kind of interesting, isn't it? That, you know, that, I'm sure when you read this in high school or in your free time or when you read in the future, you just skimmed right over. What is this Rus place? R-U-C-E? Probably Chaucer made it up to rhyme with Prus, right? But no, Rus is actually the country R-U-S, which we've been studying, which in the 14th century was a completely unproblematic word. Okay, so, so this Lithuanian trajectory we followed, and we're going to, and we're going to keep following it. We're going to keep following the trajectory of what in this lecture I'm going to call Lithuanian Rus. Because if we're going to understand the, if we're going to move east and understand the consequences of the Mongol destruction of Kiev in 1237 to 1240, we have to then move into the question of the successors of Rus. And the successors of Rus are going to overlap with other things. They're going to overlap with the Mongol world, but not only. Very briefly, we've already done one of the successors of Rus. One of the successors of Rus is Lithuania. The Lithuanian grand dukes call themselves the rulers of Ruthenia, in Latin, of Rus in their own language. They are one of the successors of Rus is Lithuanian Rus. A second successor of Rus, which we briefly talked about, is Galicia and Volenia. So, this is all right, this is all in your sheet. Okay, I need Nadi. Thank you. So, Galicia and Volenia are the two westernmost districts of Rus. These are very important places to know. They're very interesting places. Galicia and Volenia are English words which come from Latin. But the original terms come from the old Ruthenian names for the places. Halic, Halichena, hence Galicia. And then, Volenia in Latin is actually Laudomeria. But Laudomeria, you don't have to know this. I'm just giving you a little break. You don't have to write it down. I'm just cruising. So, Volenia in Latin is Laudomeria. Laudomeria is from the city of Vlodomir. Vlodomir becomes Laudomeria. And Vlodomir is of course of city named after the first ruler of the first baptized ruler of Russia, which is Vlodomir. So, Galicia and Volenia, what we call these western districts, they're very important because they hold out as rulers of Rus for an extra century or so. The leaders of Galicia and Volenia claimed also to be the rulers of Kiev. They very often actually had their person ruling Kiev. After the Mongol onslaught, they managed to hold their own in Galicia and Volenia. After 1240, they were the only princes of Rus who actually engaged the Mongols on the battlefield with anything other than complete failure. So, and they managed to hold Kiev actually, of course, but they managed to hold their own lands and consolidate the rule over their own lands in the 1240s. After the end of Kiev, after the destruction of Kiev, they refer to themselves as princes of Rus and princes of all of Rus. In case I don't get to it later, this is a theme. If you're going to call yourself the prince of Rus, just go ahead and call yourself the prince of all of Rus. And you will eventually figure out in practice how much all of Rus turns out to be. That is the answer to the question of what all of Rus is. All of these people call themselves the prince of all of Rus. Nobody said, I'm the prince of some of Rus and maybe somebody else is that no. As soon as they thought of it, they all said, I'm the prince of all of Rus. And the question of what all of Rus is is determined by practice. How far you can actually get, and then you will call that Rus. Whether it was historically Rus or not.