Centuries of Change: The Historical Context of Jerusalem's Vulnerability

This chapter traces the history of Jerusalem from its opening by Umar to its recapture by Salahuddin al-Ayubi, focusing on the influence of different rulers and dynasties. It also examines key events like the Umari pact and the rise of the Fatimid dynasty, shedding light on the political and cultural changes that set the stage for the Crusaders' invasion.