The second law of thermo dynamics applies when you have a closed system. But there are ways to have systems spontaneously decrease in entropy. In an expanding universe, the total energy of stuff, of matter and radiation, et cetera, is not a constant number because space time is changing underneath it. There's no single way of thinking about energy, ecause there're ifferent ways of doing it.
Welcome to the March 2022 Ask Me Anything episode of Mindscape! These monthly excursions are funded by Patreon supporters (who are also the ones asking the questions). I take the large number of questions asked by Patreons, whittle them down to a more manageable size — based primarily on whether I have anything interesting to say about them, not whether the questions themselves are good — and sometimes group them together if they are about a similar topic. Enjoy!
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