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#216 Is it bad to UM and AH? - Valerie Fridland
The Level Up English Podcast
How to Reduce Ums and Us
Ums and us are different substantively from filler words, which is what you're talking about. You can substitute them if you sort of put a conscious effort into them,. We find that um has started to work as a discourse marker where it often is at the beginning of a sentence. In those cases, absolutely, it's fairly easy to say, well, okay. So perhaps you can put something else in there.
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