Basics of CSF Production and Flow

In today’s episode, Dr. Monica Gray and Dr. Pradip Kamat sit down with neurosurgeon Dr. Neal Laxpati, MD, PhD, to chat about intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in pediatric critical care. Using real case studies, they dive into how and when to use external ventricular drains (EVDs) and ICP bolts, walking listeners through setup, potential risks, and everyday challenges. The group discusses device complications, ways to prevent infections, how to interpret waveforms, and shares practical bedside tips. It’s a must-listen for intensivists looking for hands-on advice and key insights to help optimize care for kids with brain injuries or hydrocephalus.

Show Highlights:

• Pediatric critical care unit (PCU) case discussions
• Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in pediatric patients
• Case studies involving a 10-year-old girl with diffuse midline glioma and a 16-year-old male with a ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology and its role in ICP management
• Types of ICP monitoring devices: external ventricular drains (EVDs) and intraparenchymal monitors
• Indications and complications associated with ICP monitoring
• Interpretation of ICP waveforms and their clinical significance
• Management strategies for elevated ICP and CSF drainage
• Risks and challenges of ICP monitoring, including infection and device malfunction
• Importance of interdisciplinary communication and meticulous bedside care in pediatric critical care settings

References:

• Fuhrman & Zimmerman - Textbook of Pediatric Critical Care Chapter 118. Traumatic brain injury. Kochaneck et al. Page 1375 -1400
• Rogers textbook:
• Reference 1: Forsyth RJ, Parslow RC, Tasker RC, Hawley CA, Morris KP; UK Paediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Study Group; Paediatric Intensive Care Society Study Group (PICSSG). Prediction of raised intracranial pressure complicating severe traumatic brain injury in children: implications for trial design. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 Jan;9(1):8-14. doi: 10.1097/01.PCC.0000298759.78616.3A. PMID: 18477907.
• Reference 2: Appavu B, Burrows BT, Foldes S, Adelson PD. Approaches to Multimodality Monitoring in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol. 2019 Nov 26;10:1261. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01261. PMID: 32038449; PMCID: PMC6988791.