Bonus: Damon Binder on Economic History and the Future of Physics
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How to Calculate the Protons and Neutrons From the Standard Model?
In the 60s and 70s, we learned that protons and neutrons are not fundamental particles, they're built out of quarks. This gives you what it's called QCD, quantum chromodynamics. And that describes the strong nuclear force. At the same time, people realized that the weak nuclear force was in fact described by this mechanism called the Higgs mechanism. In particular, computing the proton mass from the standard model is just completely far. The only way we know how to do this involves supercomputers.
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