Sufism and the Ulamah

The Ulamah and the Sufis are basically the same people but writing in different registers. One representation of the Sufi is this mystical person who lives in retreat, just living in devotion to the Lord. But in this case, yes, indeed, sometimes the rulers themselves would be the SuFis or even the leaders of a certain number of jihads that had been witnessed by the region. The metaphysics of Sufism which is something that was taught throughout West Africa brings us back to the importance of a book like Kalam.