The Lincoln Theorem: The Universe Has a Beginning

Mathematicians recognize that the existence of an actually infinite number of things leads to self-contradictory answers. We now have pretty strong evidence that the universe is not eternal in the past, but had an absolute beginning a finite time ago. In 2003, Arvin board Alan Booth and Alexander Vellinkin were able to prove that any universe which has, on average, been expanding throughout its history cannot be infinite in the past. Their theorem implies that the quantum vacuum state, out of which our material state may have evolved, cannot be eternal in the future. Even if our universe is just a tiny part of a much grander multiverse composed of many universes, theirorem requires