How Parents Use Their Hands When Talking to Children

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Affluent parents tend to gesture more. Lower income parents tend gestures less, and that's reflected in their children's rate of gesturing. But the good news is that with just a some pretty basic instruction, all parents can learn to gesture more,. That's reflected in there in their kids gesturing and subsequently in their vocabulary.

Modern life has not been easy on our brains. Average IQ scores rose steadily throughout the last century. Now they appear to be leveling off. The problem, according to neuroscientists, may be that we have reached our neurobiological limits. Our brains simply can’t work any harder. Luckily, science writer Annie Murphy Paul has a solution. In her bold new book, “The Extended Mind: The Power of Thinking Outside the Brain,” she draws on a wealth of scientific research to show that we’re smarter when we get out of our heads. By offloading our memories onto our phones, making decisions based on our bodily sensations, using tactile tools to solve abstract problems, drawing inspiration from our surroundings, and arguing with our friends, we can access intelligence that exists beyond the confines of our craniums. In this episode, Annie explains how to do it.