Ptolemy XII: Cleopatra's father from hell
HistoryExtra Long Reads
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The Downfall of the Ptolemaic Dynasty
This chapter explores the decline of the Ptolemaic dynasty through the civil strife between Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy X, detailing the implications of Ptolemy X's controversial decisions and the tragic rule of Ptolemy XI. The narrative underscores the growing instability within Egypt and its increasingly complicated interactions with Rome.
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