The Turmoil of Partition: Leadership and Violence

This chapter examines the role of Muslim leadership in Calcutta during violent clashes between Hindus and Muslims, contextualizing the violence within the impending partition of India. It explores the chaotic dynamics of the time, highlighting the absence of organized political action and the significant role played by disaffected soldiers in exacerbating violence. Additionally, it reflects on Muhammad Ali Jinnah's evolving vision for Pakistan amid overwhelming conflict, capturing the tragic irony of hoped harmony overshadowed by brutal realities.