In 16 forty, an african indentured servant by the name of john punch runs away from his servitude. He doesn't run away alone but with a dutchman and a scotsman who are all endentured servants. The judge tells john punch that he will labor for his master for the rest of his days. What have we written down? Slavery. Some africans were already effectively enslaved in virginia by 1640. But the punch case seems to be the first explicit approval of lifelong servitude.
Chattel slavery in the United States, with its distinctive – and strikingly cruel – laws and structures, took shape over many decades in colonial America. The innovations that built American slavery are inseparable from the construction of Whiteness as we know it today. By John Biewen, with guest Chenjerai Kumanyika.
Key sources for this episode:
The Racial Equity Institute
Ibram Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning
Nell Irvin Painter, The History of White People