Some people want to live in interesting times, don't they? Some people complaisant onder liberalism. Because when they become interesting, they very often also become violent. When they become violent, there's no, very few people can be sure that they're safe. I think if there was one thing that characterized the lirhas characterized liberalism until recently, it's been the practice of toleration - a judgmental practice. But unless it passes beyond some really strong boundaries, you'll put up with it. That's what, to me, liberalism is basically ad but rather keep point here,. There've been experiments in toleration outside the west, and outside of liberalism. It's
Following the fall of communism in 1989, American political scientist Francis Fukuyama shot to fame with his thesis about the ‘end of history’ – the idea that the entire world was set on a path towards universal liberalism. But 30 years on, liberalism is under attack from both the Right and the Left – and from Vladimir Putin’s Russia. Professor Fukuyama was joined in conversation by John Gray, the British political philosopher, who rejects the idea of a universal momentum towards liberal values and human progress. Despite the view of many that the Russian invasion of Ukraine marks the end of the post-Cold War era, Fukuyama believes that it is a wake-up call for the West to rekindle the spirit of 1989, while Gray holds that the idea that liberalism will ever triumph is a mirage. Chairing the discussion is the journalist, author and broadcaster, Helen Lewis.
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