Habsburgs, Revolutions, and Turmoil in Spain

This chapter explores the Habsburg rulers' neglect of domestic policy in Spain from 1506, focusing on their external conflicts and the resulting instability. It discusses the ideological struggles during the 19th century, including the Carlist Wars and the emergence of revolutionary movements. The chapter also highlights the socio-economic contrasts in Spain leading up to the Civil War, examining the fragmentation of the left and the ideological rifts between anarchists and communists.