Part 2 of our exploration of how Gatorade influenced the science of hydration. In this episode Travis talks about how the Army developed bad doctrine around hydrating soldiers while preparing for war in the Middle East, how Gatorade helped finance athletic organizations, and why dangers related to overhydration were ignored in the 90s. Also at point Jake launches into a Carpi Sun ad for some reason. REFERENCES Georgia Teen Dies From Drinking Too Much Water, Gatorade https://www.cbsnews.com/news/georgia-teen-dies-from-drinking-too-much-water-gatorade/ Rovell, Darren. First in Thirst: How Gatorade Turned the Science of Sweat into a Cultural Phenomenon (2005) Noakes, Timothy. Waterlogged: The Serious Problem of Overhydration in Endurance Sports (2012) Water as a Tactical Weapon: A Doctrine for Preventing Heat Casualties https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA113477.pdf ACSM Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/1996/10000/acsm_position_stand__exercise_and_fluid.45.aspx National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for Athletes https://www.nata.org/sites/default/files/FluidReplacementsForAthletes.pdf Updated Fluid Recommendation: Position Statement From the International Marathon Medical Directors Association (IMMDA) http://immda.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Spring-2006-Updated-Fluid-Recommendations.pdf Gatorade demand high in war zones, squeezing supply https://www.gainesville.com/story/news/2005/09/08/gatorade-demand-high-in-war-zones-squeezing-supply/31703317007/ Water Intoxication—Considerations for Patients, Athletes and Physicians https://med.virginia.edu/ginutrition/wp-content/uploads/sites/199/2015/11/NoakesArticle-September-08.pdf Drinking policies and exercise-associated hyponatraemia: is anyone still promoting overdrinking? https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fernando-Beltrami/publication/5451623_Drinking_policies_and_exercise-associated_hyponatraemia_Is_anyone_still_promoting_overdrinking/links/57334c7908ae9f741b26101c/Drinking-policies-and-exercise-associated-hyponatraemia-Is-anyone-still-promoting-overdrinking.pdf Case proven: exercise associated hyponatraemia is due to overdrinking. So why did it take 20 years before the original evidence was accepted? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564296/#ref16 “Drink at least eight glasses of water a day.” Really? Is there scientific evidence for “8 × 8”? https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpregu.00365.2002 British Medical Journal: The Truth About Sports Drinks https://www.bmj.com/bmj/section-pdf/187587?path=/bmj/345/7866/Feature.full.pdf The sensitivity of the human thirst response to changes in plasma osmolality: a systematic review https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5763530/#:~:text=Physiologically%2C%20plasma%20osmolality%20(pOsm),Baylis%20%26%20Thompson%2C%201988