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Riemann's Tensor Analysis for Curved Surfaces
In Riemann's way of thinking about it, you need nine numbers to specify it in a three dimensional space. The metric by itself could be any numbers that just depends on the coordinate system. And so we want to take that metric, which depends on what coordinates you use. Maybe not XYZ, maybe R theta phi, if you have spherical coordinates or something like that. We want to extract from that metric what the curvature is. You're measuring how long things are, and tensor because it is a generalization of a vector.