From the mediaeval period to the early nineteenth century, english criminal justice relied on severe legislation to deter crime and a small body of officials to enforce the law. This was before official police forces. Companies and communities hired night watchmen, local constables, were unpaid and part time. But by the seventeenth century, a crop of unofficial policemen, known then as thief takers, sprang up around london. They would capture suspected criminals for money and negotiate deals in order to return stolen goods to private owners. And yes, that's the same henry fielding who wrote the famous english novel tom jones.

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