Preload is one way we can alter catacaplet. The thing we said before that was contractility, increase contractile, increase catacaplets. And the last one here is afterload. Afterload is the force that that left ventricle needs to overcome in order to eject the blood out of the ventricle. So if you think about it, if afterload is higher, that means the resistive forces are higher and less blood will get ejected. There's an inverse relationship between the afterload value and the stroke volume, the amount of blood that's ejected.