An Anathema Is Nothing Other Than Separation From God

Gavin: Iconic class is nothing other than separation from God. It drives its victims far from God and expells them from the kingdom of heaven, carrying them off into the outer darkness. Gavin cites a remark by Tereseos, the patriarch of Constantinople who presided with the papal legates at 2nd Nicaea. He takes these as showing that being the subject of an anathema will by itself cause you to go to hell. However, the quotations he offers don't show this. An anathema did separate you from communion with the church so it did involve an excommunication.