In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett dive deep into the American frontier era (1790-1890) and examine how diverse cultural groups shaped westward expansion. Through personal anecdotes and historical analysis, they explore how regional identities and ecological changes forged the American character and transformed a continental power into a global empire.

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KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DISCUSSION

• Timeframe and Geographic Scope: The American frontier era spans 1790-1890, during which America expanded from the Appalachian Mountains to the West Coast.

• Cultural Migrations: The hosts discuss how distinct regional cultures (New England Yankees, Quakers/Mid-Atlantic, Scots-Irish, and Southern Cavaliers) migrated westward, creating cultural corridors across the continent.

• Ecological Changes: Exploration of how Americans transformed the landscape, from mass buffalo hunting to forest clearing, and how wilderness is actually expanding in modern America.

• Cowboy Culture: The brief 20-year window of cowboy culture, its similarities to Central Asian herding peoples, and its place within the larger industrialized system.

• Mormon Settlement: The unique case of Mormon migration and settlement as a centrally-managed theocracy, driven westward by persecution.

• Technology and Agricultural Development: How technological innovations like barbed wire and specialized plows enabled settlement of the Great Plains, previously considered unfarmable.

• Andrew Jackson: His role as an emblematic frontier figure who transformed American politics and defeated the old East Coast aristocracy.

• Territorial Acquisition: The process of acquiring western territories through the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War.

• Transition to Empire: How the closing of the frontier coincided with America's transition to becoming a global empire, with overseas expansion beginning shortly after.

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