Complications from Blood Transfusions: Citrate Toxicity and Hemolytic Reactions

This chapter explores the complications associated with massive blood transfusions, including citrate toxicity and Transfusion-Associated Cardiac Overload (TACO). It emphasizes the physiological impacts of citrate on calcium levels, the signs of TACO, and the importance of pre-transfusion testing to mitigate immune-mediated hemolytic reactions.