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The Endogenous Factors That Hold Africa Back
After the colonial administration was replaced by independent states, they continue in most cases to treat the population as subjects rather than citizens. If you have one large portion of your population that doesn't even have ideas or birth certificates, basically civil registration, it's a very interesting indicator that you really are not treating them as subjects. The second factor that I think people normally point is one that I already mentioned, but maybe I will go deeper. The community depends is really the result of a lack of ambition. And a lot of it has to do with the fact that we have an elite that is rent seeking in terms of its behavior.