Pumped-Hydro Versus Lithium-Ion: A Comparative Analysis

This chapter examines the reliability and economic viability of pumped-hydro energy storage systems, particularly in cold climates like the Alps. It compares the long-term savings and operational costs of pumped storage with those of lithium-ion batteries, emphasizing the challenges in securing investment for technologies with higher upfront costs. Additionally, it discusses the market dynamics and the need for long-duration storage solutions amidst a preference for short-duration options.