Nocardia Infections - What Are the Risk Factors?

The patient is a former smoker and the reason for transplantation was that in terms of her pre-transplant screening, basically everything was negative including a plantifurum. The skin biopsy shows a grand positive branching embedded roads surrounded by extensive inflammation. So we narrowed down from all of the broad differential diagnosis too. There is a 99% chance this is nocardia. And there are other risk factors that you need to consider.