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Ports: Gateways of Trade and Transformation
This chapter examines the vital importance of ports in both historical and contemporary contexts, emphasizing their roles as hubs of global trade and industry. It highlights recent vulnerabilities and geopolitical challenges faced by ports, as well as significant investment initiatives aimed at modernizing infrastructure for future demands. Through case studies of transformative port developments, the chapter illustrates the interconnected themes of re-globalization, digitization, and decarbonization in the evolving landscape of maritime trade.