The Importance of Rationality in Analytics

In today's conversation, I am joined by McDonald’s Lauren Kemp and Stephen Springfield from the Aspen Center for Consumer Science. Last fall I saw them give a talk at IIEX Behavior on how they used behavioral science to create an "irrational" loyalty program at Mcdonald's. It was instantly clear they had to be on the show to talk about this project, its insights, and what you can learn from it.

It is such a great case study showing how real people inside organizations (and in this case, working with a great consultant), can create a program that infuses behavioral insights in a smart way -- that is often counterintuitive – to find a win-win for the company and its customers. 

You'll also hear tips from Lauren about how she did her literature review and lots of other great insights. And, do know that while we joke about not loving the term "irrational" as it is popularly used in behavioral science, if there was ever a program that proved a lot of the choices people make aren’t exactly rational this would be it. You'll see what I mean as they dig in on the story in the episode…

• [00:46] In today's conversation, I am joined by Lauren Kemp and Stephen Springfield, whom I first saw while they were giving a presentation at Greenbook’s IIEX Behavior last fall.
• [03:44] Lauren shares about herself and her background. She works in consumer insights at McDonald’s on the US team.
• [04:41] Stephen shares about himself and his background. Stephen is the Founder and Principal at Aspen Center for Consumer Science. 
• [06:43] Novelty and the magic of the irrational attracted Stephen to behavioral science and behavioral economics. 
• [07:35] Behavioral science isn’t really about the irrational and the crazy cool stuff. It is about the scientific process applied to understanding behavior.  
• [10:35] Irrationality is where all the profit is.
• [13:05] Lauren started her career with an internship at Brain Juicer. They were pioneers in the behavioral economic space. McDonald’s was one of her main clients there. 
• [15:17] McDonald’s global team created the loyalty program so the individual markets had some space to make the program work in their specific market. 
• [17:17] She started with a literature review since loyalty programs were not new to the industry. She wanted to learn what was most important for a loyalty program and how they could design theirs to be successful. 
• [19:45] Top tips for doing your own literature review? Definitely start by bookmarking Google Scholar. 
• [22:11] The program needed to entice customers to engage with the program. They wanted it to be consumer centric. 
• [24:16] They knew it was very important for the program to be transparent enough and easy to understand. Consumers don’t like it when they feel they are being tricked or it is clouded. Transparency is so huge in our culture today.
• [25:57] They found that the value of a loyalty program is engagement with the program itself – not the reward that you get. The reward you get is transactional. 
• [28:27] Lauren spent a week or two on her literature review process and Stephen’s team did some additional research. 
• [30:39] It is important to invest the time in research, but it probably doesn’t need to take as long as you think. 
• [33:21] There is an aspect of irrationality and that is where the profit is.  You have to find a way to offer something of value that is not completely transactional. 
• [36:23] They wanted to find which items would drive trips because the point of the loyalty program is to get to people to visit more often. 
• [37:58] They tested five different point levels from 1 point to 10,000 points. They found that 100 points per dollar was easy and worked best. 
• [40:03] The goal is to get somebody to purchase something now with an eye toward achieving something later. Mental budgeting and being able to do the math towards a simple reward was a game changer. 
• [43:05] They continued coming back to the goal and objective: getting consumers to come to McDonald’s because they had rewards, and they want to accumulate more rewards, and at some point they would like to redeem those rewards. 
• [44:56] They found there was some linearity with the value of the item and the trip driving behavior, but there were also outliers drove trips.  
• [46:46] If there are products on the loyalty menu that are a lower cost to produce that would still drive engagement from a customer perspective and trips are a huge win. 
• [49:16] Consumers can’t tell you what they would do and why they would do it. 
• [51:35] Key Insight: The thing that drives that behavior doesn’t have to be the most expensive thing. 
• [53:18] Science isn’t really interested as much in truth as things that are reliably predictive. 
• [56:07] Melina’s closing thoughts
• [57:18] It doesn’t need to take eons to incorporate good behavioral science research into your projects. 

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Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode:

• Marketing to Mindstates, by Will Leach
• The Life Saving Skill of Story, by Michelle Auerbach
• Predictably Irrational, by Dan Ariely
• Choice Hacking, by Jennifer Clinehens
• The Paradox of Choice, by Barry Schwartz

Connect with Lauren & Stephen: 

• Lauren on LinkedIn
• Stephen on Twitter
• Stephen on LinkedIn

Top Recommended Next Episode: Questionstorming at KIND / Mars with Beatrix Daros (ep 215)

Already Heard That One? Try These: 

• Anthropology, Market Research & Behavioral Economics with Priscilla McKinney (ep 196)
• Marketing to Mindstates: A Discussion With Author, Will Leach (ep 88)
• The Power of Story, an Interview with Dr. Michelle Auerbach (ep 145)
• Dan Ariely Interview: Discussing Shapa, the Numberless Scale (ep 101)
• The Science of Cool, with Dr. Troy Campbell (ep 169)
• Nudging for Good at Walmart with Sarah Wilson (ep 206)
• Starbucks: A Behavioral Economics Analysis
• The Most Important Step in Applying Behavioral Economics: Understanding the Problem (ep 126)
• The Pain of Paying (ep 59)
• Framing (ep 16)
• Surprise and Delight (ep 276)
• Where CX and Behavioral Science Meet, interview with Jennifer Clinehens, author of Choice Hacking (ep 141)
• Paradox of Choice (ep 171)
• Unlocking the Power of Numbers (ep 17)

Other Important Links: 

• Brainy Bites - Melina’s LinkedIn Newsletter
• Aspen Center for Consumer Science