6min chapter

99% Invisible cover image

The Panopticon Effect

99% Invisible

CHAPTER

The Rise of Cellular Prisons in the Netherlands

In 1787, Jeremy Bentham published a series of letters detailing how he wanted his panopticon prison to be designed and operated. In 1870, the Dutch government turned to one of its most experienced architects to help realize this vision. The idea that we're under constant surveillance seems familiar to many of us now. But back in the late 1700s, a design for watching so many people all at once could bring big economic benefits.

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