Dogs Aren't Always Gullible, but They Can Tell When They're Being Lied To

Researchers at the university of vienna recruited 260 dogs for an experiment that went like this. As the dog watched, a human placed a treat in one of two opaque buckets. A second person would then enter the and switched the treat from one bucket to the other with the dog still watching. In half of the trials, the person giving bad information was out of the room when the treat was switched. The scientists thought that if the dogs had theory of mind, they would be less likely to choose the empty bucket indicated by the absent person than by the person who saw the switch. But that's not what happened. Instead, the dogs would follow the bad advice of the human as long as the

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